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American Made star and rivet mark American Made

America is building factories again. It doesn't have enough workers to run them.

500,000 unfilled jobs. A $35.8 million apprenticeship fund already tapped out. The biggest constraint on reshoring — explained.

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We’ve spent six weeks covering the companies, the products, and the policies driving American manufacturing. Chip fabs. Aluminum smelters. Submarines. Tractors. Transformers. Data centers. All being built. All being funded.

But there’s a problem nobody wants to talk about. You can build the factory. You can pass the tax incentive. You can sign the defense contract. None of it works if you can’t find people to run the machines.

Right now, roughly 500,000 U.S. manufacturing jobs sit unfilled. Ninety-four percent of contractors report labor shortages. The semiconductor industry alone faces a projected shortfall of 58% of needed workers by 2030. And Baby Boomers are retiring faster than new workers are entering the trades.

Washington’s answer is the biggest workforce push in decades. Let me walk you through it.

The federal response has three prongs.

Apprenticeship funding. In December, the DOL launched the American Manufacturing Apprenticeship Incentive Fund — $35.8 million in direct incentives, paying employers $3,500 for every new manufacturing apprentice. It covers 120+ occupations across aerospace, automotive, shipbuilding, nuclear, and semiconductors. Within five months, it received over 115 applications from 33 states. The administrator says the fund may not last the full four years.

Pell Grants and tax incentives. The Workforce Pell Grant program — the first ever — fast-tracks Americans into high-demand skilled trades. The Working Families Tax Cuts Act expanded 529 savings plans to cover trade certifications and broadened Pell Grant eligibility for vocational programs. Overtime pay is now tax-free for eligible workers.

Defense sector investment. The DOL has awarded over $229 million in grants targeting apprenticeships in shipbuilding, defense manufacturing, and nuclear energy. Secretary of War Hegseth’s “Arsenal of Freedom” tour is a nationwide call to recruit workers into the defense industrial base. The presidential goal is one million active apprentices nationwide.

American manufacturers spent $32 billion on workforce training in 2024. That’s not government money. That’s company money — invested in developing the workers they need because the labor market can’t supply them fast enough. Companies like Caterpillar, Deere, General Dynamics, and BWXT all run their own apprenticeship and training programs.

The risk is that federal programs are being cut even as demand grows. The FY2026 budget proposes consolidating 11 workforce programs into one “Make America Skilled Again” block grant. That’s a modest increase for apprenticeships but a $1.6 billion cut to overall workforce training. Critics call it a cut disguised as reform.

The labor shortage is the single biggest risk to the reshoring thesis. Every company we’ve covered — Caterpillar, Deere, General Dynamics, BWXT, Parker Hannifin, GE Vernova — has flagged workforce constraints in recent earnings calls. When you can’t hire, you can’t deliver. When you can’t deliver, backlogs grow but revenue doesn’t.

The companies that solve the problem internally win. The ones with the strongest apprenticeship programs, the highest retention rates, and the deepest automation capabilities will outperform. That’s why Deere is investing in autonomous tractors. It’s why Parker runs one of the most selective apprenticeship pipelines in industrials. And it’s why Rockwell Automation (NYSE: ROK) in Milwaukee may be the most direct bet on the shortage itself. Rockwell makes the factory automation systems that let manufacturers do more with fewer hands.

The reshoring boom is real. The money is flowing. The factories are going up. But the workers aren’t there yet. That’s the gap Washington is racing to close — and the constraint every investor needs to watch.

This issue is for informational purposes only and does not constitute financial advice. Always do your own research before you invest.

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